Back when the U.S. Congress was adopting the 2013 version of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), it included directives to the Small Business Administration (SBA) to make changes to multiple rules pertaining to small business set-aside contracts and subcontracting.  On Monday, May 31, 2016, the SBA published final rules in the Federal Register implementing each of these changes.

The rule changes are wide ranging, amending SBA’s nonmanufacturer rule and affiliation rules, and for the first time allowing joint ventures to qualify as small for any government procurement as long as each partner to the joint venture qualifies individually as small under applicable size standards.

All of the changes can be seen at: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/05/31/2016-12494/small-business-government-contracting-and-national-defense-authorization-act-of-2013-amendments.

Here is a summary view of some of the most significant changes being made:

• Affiliation. In the case of a solicitation for a bundled contract, a small business contractor may enter into a Small Business Teaming Arrangement with one or more small business subcontractors and submit an offer as a small business without regard to affiliation, so long as each team member is small for the size standard assigned to the contract or subcontract. This is a major change.  Previously, small businesses risked losing small business status if combined employees or gross revenues exceeded SBA’ s size standards.  This new concept applies to joint ventures as well.  A joint venture of two or more business concerns may submit an offer as a small business for a federal procurement, subcontract or sale so long as each concern is small under the size standard corresponding to the NAICS code assigned to the contract.  In addition, the new rule provides that firms owned or controlled by married couples — in addition to parties to a civil union, parents, children, and siblings — are presumed to be affiliated with each other if they conduct business with each other, such as subcontracts or joint ventures or share or provide loans, resources, equipment, locations or employees with one another. This presumption may be overcome by showing a clear line of fracture between the concerns. Other types of familial relationships are not grounds for affiliation on family relationships.
• Procurement Center Representatives.  The SBA has Procurement Center Representatives (PCRs) located at federal agencies and military bases which have major contracting programs.  Under the new rules, PCRs are to review all acquisitions that are not totally set aside for small businesses to determine whether a set-aside or sole source award to a small business is appropriate and to identify alternative strategies to maximize the participation of small businesses in the procurement. PCRs are also to advocate against the consolidation or bundling of contract requirements (which tend to adversely impact small business contract participation), and reviewing any justification provided by the agency for consolidation or bundling. This review includes acquisitions that are Multiple Award Contracts (MACs) where the agency has not set-aside all or part of the acquisition or reserved the acquisition for small businesses. It also includes acquisitions where the agency has not set-aside orders placed against MACs for small businesses.  Also, for the first time, PCRs may receive unsolicited proposals from small businesses.  They are to send such proposals to the agency personnel responsible for reviewing such proposals, and the agency personnel are to provide PCRs with information regarding the disposition of each proposal.
• Subcontracting to Small Businesses.  A prime contractor that identifies a small business by name as a subcontractor in a proposal, offer, bid or subcontracting plan is now obligated to notify those subcontractors, in writing, prior to identifying the concern in the proposal, bid, offer or subcontracting plan.  Safeguards against naming a subcontractor that the prime really doesn’t intent to use are also strengthened.  The new rules state that anyone who has a reasonable basis to believe that a prime or a subcontractor may have made a false statement with respect to subcontracting plans is to report the matter to the SBA’s Office of Inspector General. All other concerns as to whether a prime contractor or subcontractor has complied with SBA regulations or otherwise acted in bad faith may be reported to the Government Contracting Area Office where the firm is headquartered.  Contractors who are judged to have acted in bad faith may be found to be in material breach of contract and subject to liquidated damages under their contract.
• Limitations on Subcontracting.  The rules have changed for the amount of work a small business may subcontract out.  In order to be awarded a full or partial small business set-aside contract with a value greater than $150,000, a small business concern now must agree that:

  (1) In the case of a contract for services (except construction), it will not pay more than 50% of the amount paid by the government to it to firms that are not similarly situated.  (Any work that a similarly situated subcontractor further subcontracts will count towards the 50% subcontract amount that cannot be exceeded.)

  (2) In the case of a contract for supplies or products (other than from a non-manufacturer of such supplies), it will not pay more than 50% of the amount paid by the government to it to firms that are not similarly situated. (Any work that a similarly situated subcontractor further subcontracts will count towards the 50% subcontract amount that cannot be exceeded.) Cost of materials are excluded and not considered to be subcontracted.

  (3) In the case of a contract for supplies from a non-manufacturer, it will supply the product of a domestic small business manufacturer or processor, unless a waiver is granted.

  (4) For a multiple item procurement where a waiver has not been granted for one or more items, more than 50% of the value of the products to be supplied by the non-manufacturer must be the products of one or more domestic small business manufacturers or processors.

  (5) For a multiple item procurement where a waiver is granted for one or more items, compliance with the limitation on subcontracting requirement will not consider the value of items subject to a waiver. As such, more than 50% of the value of the products to be supplied by the non-manufacturer that are not subject to a waiver must be the products of one or more domestic small business manufacturers or processors.

  (6) For a multiple item procurement, the same small business concern may act as both a manufacturer and a non-manufacturer.

• Contracts Set-Aside for Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Businesses.  Under the new rules, a joint venture comprised of at least one Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business (SDVOSB) and one or more other businesses may submit an offer as a small business for a competitive SDVOSB set-aside procurement, or be awarded a sole source SDVOSB contract, so long as each concern is small under the size standard corresponding to the NAICS code assigned to the procurement.

All of these rule changes are effective on June 30, 2016.