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Arbitration award is ‘irrational’ because it disregards contract’s plain text

March 8, 2019 By Nancy Cleveland

Aspic Engineering and Construction Company (Aspic), a local Afghan subcontractor, entered into multiple subcontracts with ECC Centcom Constructors and ECC International (ECC), the prime contractor, to construct buildings and facilities in Afghanistan.  The subcontracts contained terms and conditions “applicable to all U.S. Government subcontracts,” and mandated that Aspic owed ECC the same obligations that ECC owed to the federal government.  The subcontracts also incorporated multiple Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) clauses, including FAR 49.2 through 49.6, which govern the recovery of expenses in the event a contractor is terminated for convenience, i.e., required documentation and procedures.

In 2014, ECC was terminated for convenience, so ECC notified Aspic that it also intended to terminate Aspic’s subcontracts for convenience.  Aspic, in turn, submitted multiple settlement proposals to get paid for its work under the subcontracts.  When ECC denied most of Aspic’s proposals, Aspic filed for arbitration, seeking payment for its costs of partially performing under the subcontracts.  Despite Aspic’s failure to comply with the FAR requirements governing payment for partial work in the event of a termination for convenience, the arbitrator awarded Aspic over $1 million.  The arbitrator concluded that Aspic was not required to strictly comply with the FAR requirements based on several factors, including: (i) the subcontracts were drafted to give every advantage to ECC; (ii) it was not reasonable to expect that Afghan subcontractors would be able to conform to the strict and detailed requirements of general contractors on U.S. Federal projects; (iii) it was not reasonable that the parties had the same expectations; and (iv) there was not a true meeting of the minds.

Keep reading this article at: https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ninth-circuit-finds-arbitration-award-25846/

To view the full text of the court’s decision, courtesy of Bloomberg, click here.

Filed Under: Contracting News Tagged With: arbitration, contract clauses, FAR, flow down clause, meeting of the minds, subcontracting, termination for convenience

DoD makes immediate change to limitations on subcontracting rule; FAR Council issues proposed rule

February 14, 2019 By Nancy Cleveland

The Department of Defense (DoD) has issued a class deviation that resolves the inconsistency between the Small Business Administration (SBA) regulations and the clause at Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 52.219-14 related to the Limitations on Subcontracting Rule (LOSR).

The FAR Council has also issued a proposed rule to amend FAR 52.219-14 to fully resolve this issue for all small businesses. Government contractors should be aware of these new changes and proposed changes.

Generally, the LOSR prevents small business prime contractors from subcontracting the majority of the work under a prime contract to large businesses. The LOSR is intended to ensure that small businesses get the benefit of the set-aside prime contract. The government does not want a small business to get an award, perform only a small portion of the work, and then subcontract out everything else to large businesses.

Since 2016, SBA small businesses have struggled to comply with the LOSR because the regulations at 13 C.F.R. § 125.6 are inconsistent with the contract clause at FAR 52.219-14.

Keep reading this article at: http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=777544

See DoD’s Jan. 8, 2019 Class Deviation 2019-O0003 on this subject at: https://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/policy/policyvault/USA000039-19-DPC_Class_Deviation_2019-O0003.pdf

See the proposed rule here: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-12-04/pdf/2018-25506.pdf

Filed Under: Contracting News Tagged With: class deviation, contract clauses, DFARS, DoD, FAR, FAR Council, limitation on subcontracting, LOSR, proposed rule, SBA

Who is a subcontractor under a federal government contract?

February 7, 2019 By Nancy Cleveland

If you are a a vendor or supplier, are you a “subcontractor” under a federal government contract?

Sometimes the answer is easy — e.g., you are a subcontractor when a prime contractor contracts directly with a vendor or supplier (hereinafter “vendor”) to perform a federal contract.

But the lines become less clear when a prime contractor does not inform the vendor that the subcontract is being entered into in furtherance of a federal government contract or where the vendor supplies goods that the prime contractor uses to perform commercial and government contracts.

Subcontractor status is important to prime and subcontractors. A federal prime contractor is required to flow-down multiple Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) clauses to its subcontractors.

Keep reading this article at: https://governmentcontractsnavigator.com/2019/01/28/who-is-a-subcontractor-under-a-federal-government-contract/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: contract clauses, FAR, flow down clause, subcontractor, vendor

Federal contractors may be able to recover costs caused by the government shutdown

January 25, 2019 By Nancy Cleveland

The current government shutdown is now the longest in U.S. history, and many federal contractors are incurring costs as a result of shutdown-related work stoppages and delays. Luckily, many federal contracts contain clauses that provide a potential avenue for recovery of such costs. Further, there are practical steps that contractors can take to increase their chances of recovering shutdown-related costs from the government.

What contract clauses might apply?

Several Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) clauses, including the following ones, could provide contractors with an avenue to recover costs incurred as a result of shutdown-related delays or work stoppages:

  • FAR 52.242-14 (Suspension of Work)
  • FAR 52.242-15 (Stop Work Order)
  • FAR 52.242-17 (Government Delay of Work)
  • FAR 52.243-2 (Changes – Cost-Reimbursement)
  • FAR 52.243-3 (Changes – Time-and-Materials or Labor-Hours)

It is very important to note that these clauses generally impose very short timeframes in which a contractor must provide the government with notice and/or assert its right to an adjustment.

Keep reading this article at: https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/federal-contractors-may-be-able-to-53396/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: actual cost, allowable costs, change order, changes, contract clauses, cost reimbursement, costs, delays, FAR, government shutdown, REA, shutdown, stop work order

‘New’ means ‘new’ when the construction contract says ‘new’

January 19, 2018 By Nancy Cleveland

There’s “new.” And there’s “new to you.” And there’s “refurbished new.” And there’s “open box special new.” And there’s “floor display model new.”  But when it comes to contract specifications requiring “new” equipment, one court looked to a dictionary to define it as “never used before” and “free of significant damage.”

In a recent case, Reliable Contracting Group, LLC v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 779 F.3d 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2015), the Government entered an agreement with the Contractor to install three back-up generators.  The contract specifications required new equipment:

All equipment, material, and articles incorporated into the work covered by this contract shall be new and of the most suitable grade for the purpose intended, unless otherwise specifically provided in this contract.

A dispute arose over the nature of the equipment supplied because the contract did not define the word, “new.”  Furthermore, Federal Acquisition Regulation 52.211-5, which was incorporated into the contract, requires that supplies “new, reconditioned, or remanufactured,” and it defined “new” to include that the supplies be “composed of previously unused components.”

Keep reading this article at: https://www.bestpracticesconstructionlaw.com/2015/06/articles/legal-trends/new-materials/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: construction, contract clauses, FAR, interpretation

Deadlines approach for government contractors on cybersecurity compliance

October 27, 2017 By Nancy Cleveland

Government contractors are subject to cybersecurity requirements, found in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and each agency’s supplement to the FAR, and some important deadlines are fast approaching. Set forth below is a high-level overview of cybersecurity requirements found in the FAR and the Department of Defense (DoD) FAR Supplement (DFARS).

The FAR requires government contractors that handle “federal contract information” to comply with 15 requirements for safeguarding that information. These requirements are similar to certain requirements found in NIST SP 800-171.

Under the FAR, “federal contract information” is defined as:

information, not intended for public release, that is provided by or generated for the Government under a contract to develop or deliver a product or service to the Government, but not including information provided by the Government to the public (such as on public Web sites) or simple transactional information, such as necessary to process payments.

This is a broad category of information, and some commentators have suggested that it would apply to “virtually all” federal contracts.

Keep reading this article at: https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/deadlines-approach-for-government-74231/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: contract clauses, controlled unclassified information, CUI, cyber, cyber incidents, cybersecurity, DFARS, DoD, False Claims Act, FAR, FCI, flow down clause, NIST

When is an unforeseen condition a ‘differing site condition’?

August 25, 2017 By Nancy Cleveland

I was reviewing various articles I have written over the years and came across a prior version of this one about differing site conditions, written nearly twenty years ago.   I was curious – does this cup still hold water?

It does.

Many construction contracts contain some version of a “differing site conditions” clause.   It is found in the current version of AIA’s A201 general conditions, as well as in the EJCDC equivalent.   It also appears in most state DOT specifications, as well as in federal government construction contracts.   Generally, it provides for a change order (subject to procedural compliance) when the contractor encounters (i) subsurface or other concealed conditions that differ materially from the conditions indicated by the contract documents or (ii) unknown physical conditions of an unusual nature differing materially from those ordinarily encountered and recognized as inherent to the work provided for in the contract documents.   But, as they say, “timing is everything.”   This adage applies, too, to a differing site conditions claim.

In Olym­pus Corp. v. United States, 98 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 1996), the United States Federal Circuit Court of Appeals was confronted with the following ques­tion: Are delays caused by a govern­ment caused hazardous materi­als spill compensable under the federal Differing Site Condi­tions clause?  The court an­­­­­s­wered “no” based on its con­clusion that to be con­sidered a differing site con­dition, the condition must exist at the time the contract was formed.

Olympus entered into a fixed price contract with the United States to pave the plant yards at the Stratford Army Engine Plant located in Strat­ford, Connecticut. As man­­­­­­­­­­­­­dated by the Federal Acquisition Regulation, 48 C.F.R. ‘ 52.236-3 (1995), the contract contained a standard Differing Site Conditions clause which provided, in part, for an equitable adjustment, upon notice, of  “subsurface or latent physical conditions at the site which differ materially from those indicated in [the] contract.”

Keep reading this article at: http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/when-is-an-unforeseen-condition-a-73987/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: contract clauses, contract formation, differing site conditions, equitable adjustment, FAR, latent physical condition, postaward, site conditions, unforeseen condition

How force majeure contract clauses can plan for the unexpected

July 31, 2017 By Nancy Cleveland

Anyone in the construction business can attest to the fact that it’s an industry that defines the phrase “stuff happens.” And most of the time, there is someone to blame.

Inconsistencies between versions of the plans and specifications; late ordering of long-lead-time specialty items; failure on the part of a subcontractor to adequately allocate resources; mathematical mistakes in the original estimate — all of these can lead to delays in the schedule and higher costs. These are also the result of human error, so each step in the decision-making process that led to the mistake can be evaluated and corrected for the future.

But then there are those events no one could have anticipated, and these happenings fall under the category of force majeure — bringing a whole new set of contract-related questions that all parties must address.

Keep reading this article at: http://www.constructiondive.com/news/the-dotted-line-how-force-majeure-contract-clauses-can-plan-for-the-unexpe/446722/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: contract administration, contract clauses, delays, force majeure, risk, unanticipated, unexpected

What’s that cybersecurity FAR clause doing in my contract?

July 11, 2017 By Nancy Cleveland

Many contractors we talk to believe that cybersecurity requirements are exclusively a concern of contractors working with DoD or with highly-classified, top secret projects. While perhaps true to some degree in the past, that belief is now outdated. In recent years, the federal government has steadily expanded the reach of cybersecurity requirements imposed on contractors and contracts of all shapes and sizes, and that trend is expected to continue.

As an example, one year ago this month the government implemented a new FAR clause, FAR 52.204-21, entitled “Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems.” This clause, which went into effect on May 16, 2016, brings basic cybersecurity requirements to many federal contracts. The clause is supposed to be inserted in every solicitation and contract where a contractor or subcontractor at any tier may have federal contract information (FCI) residing in or transitioning through its information system.

FCI is broadly defined as “information, not intended for public release, that is provided by or generated for the Government under a contract to develop or deliver a product or service to the Government, but not including information provided by the Government to the public.”

Prime contractors are also expected to flow down the clause to subcontracts at all tiers that may have FCI in their systems, including subcontracts for commercial items (but not subcontracts for commercial off-the-shelf items).

Keep reading this article at: http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=602460

Note: Georgia Tech is sponsoring a free cybersecurity briefing on Aug. 9, 2017.  For details, visit: http://gtpac.org/2017/06/30/georgia-tech-sponsors-cybersecurity-briefing-in-august-for-manufacturers/

Filed Under: Contracting Tips Tagged With: contract clauses, cyber, cybersecurity, DoD, FAR, FCI, flow down clause

DoD seeking input from industry on defense contracting regulations

July 6, 2017 By Nancy Cleveland

The Department of Defense (DoD) is seeking input from “entities significantly affected by federal regulations” on the contents of the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS).

The DFARS are DoD’s rule for implementing and supplementing the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in the Defense acquisition.

Small businesses are especially being encouraged to submit comments and opinions about the current DFARS, especially Part 252 solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

See the Federal Register notice about this matter here:  Federal Register notice DARS RRTF 2017-01

Comments are due not later than August 21, 2017.  Consult the link above for details.

 

 

Filed Under: Contracting News Tagged With: contract clauses, DFARS, FAR, Federal Register, public comment, small business, solicitation

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